| 2011 |
“We Will Really Know”Categories Essays
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Publications| 2011 |
“Where is Cultural Criticism in the Digital Humanities?”Categories Blog Essays
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Citation: “Where is Cultural Criticism in the Digital Humanities?” Alan Liu, 7 January 2011. https://liu.english.ucsb.edu/where-is-cultural-criticism-in-the-digital-humanities/
This is the original full text of a paper presented at the panel on “The History and Future of the Digital Humanities,” Modern Language Association convention, Los Angeles, 7 January 2011. (The paper was delivered in truncated, improvised form at the actual event due to time constraints.) An expanded version of this paper (full text) was later published under the same title in Debates in the Digital Humanities, ed. Matthew K. Gold (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2012): 490-509.
This is the occasion to announce the new initiative titled 4Humanities: Advocating for the Humanities, which is subtitled “Powered by the International Digital Humanities Community.” The site, which I and a collective of digital humanists in the U.S., Canada, U.K., and Australia started in November 2010 in the wake of discussion on the Humanist List about whether the digital humanities had become too “industrialised” and about the budget “cuts” in the United Kingdom, is a platform for advocacy statements for the humanities and other forms of showcasing the value of the humanities. The premise of the site is that the digital humanities have a special role to play today in helping the humanities communicate in contemporary media networks. . . .
| 2009 |
“The End of the End of the Book: Dead Books, Lively Margins, and Social Computing”Categories Essays , Publications
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Citation: “The End of the End of the Book: Dead Books, Lively Margins, and Social Computing.” Michigan Quarterly Review, 48 (2009): 499-520. Special issue on “Bookishness: The New Fate of Reading in the Digital Age”
| 2009 |
“Thinking Destruction: Creativity, Rational Choice, Emergence, and Destruction Theory”Categories Essays , Publications
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Citation: “Thinking Destruction: Creativity, Rational Choice, Emergence, and Destruction Theory.” Occasion: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Humanities, 1.1 (October 15, 2009). https://shc.stanford.edu/arcade/publications/occasion/rational-choice-theory-and-humanities/thinking-destruction-creativity
| 2009 |
“A New Metaphor for Reading”Categories Blog Essays , Other Writings , Publications
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Citation: “A New Metaphor for Reading.” Invited contribution to “Room for Debate” forum on “Does the Brain Like E-Books?” New York Times, 14 October 2009. http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/10/14/does-the-brain-like-e-books/
Initially, any new information medium seems to degrade reading because it disturbs the balance between focal and peripheral attention. This was true as early as the invention of writing, which Plato complained hollowed out focal memory. Similarly, William Wordsworth’s sister complained that he wasted his mind in the newspapers of the day. It takes time and adaptation before a balance can be restored, not just in the “mentality” of the reader, as historians of the book like to say, but in the social systems that complete the reading environment.
Right now, networked digital media do a poor job of balancing focal and peripheral attention. We swing between two kinds of bad reading.
| 2009 |
“Digital Humanities and Academic Change”Categories Essays , Publications
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Citation: “Digital Humanities and Academic Change.” English Language Notes 47 (2009): 17-35
- Open-access version (PDF) (corrected page proofs)
| 2009 |
“A Poem Should Be Equal To: / Not True.” Preface to Romanticism, History, Historicism: Essays on an OrthodoxyCategories Essays , Publications
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| 2008 |
Local Transcendence: Essays on Postmodern Historicism and the DatabaseCategories Books , Publications
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Citation: Local Transcendence: Essays on Postmodern Historicism and the Database. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008.
[392 pp., ISBN-10: 0226486966, ISBN-13: 978-0226486963] |
Book of essays on the methodology of the new historicism and other modes of postmodern cultural criticism in the age of the network and the database (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008)
| 2008 |
“When Was Linearity?: The Meaning of Graphics in the Digital Age”Categories Essays
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Citation: “When Was Linearity?: The Meaning of Graphics in the Digital Age.” Digital History. Web. August, 2008. <http://digitalhistory.unl.edu/essays/liuessay.php>
| 2008 |
“Literature+”Categories Essays , Publications
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Citation: “Literature+.” Currents in Electronic Literacy (Spring 2008). <http://currents.dwrl.utexas.edu/2008/literature-plus.html>
| 2007 |
“Imagining the New Media Encounter” (Introduction to A Companion to Digital Literary Studies)Categories Essays , Publications
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| 2007 |
“Higher Education and Online Lifelong Learning: Five Theses”Categories Essays , Publications
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| 2007 |
“The Humanities: A Technical Profession” (ACLS Occasional Papers)Categories Essays , Publications
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Citation: “The Humanities: A Technical Profession.” Andrew Delbanco, Ronald G. Ehrenberg, Alan Liu, and Catharine R. Stimpson, The Idea and Ideals of the University. ACLS Occasional Paper No. 63, 2007.
[Note: This paper was first presented as a talk at the Annual Meeting of the ACLS, 8 May 2004, then revised slightly for publication in 2007 in the ACLS Occasional Papers online series. Though this revision stays close to the talk, it adopts some of the changes made for the first published essay version of the paper: the 2005 article (also titled “The Humanities: A Technical Profession”) in Teaching, Technology, Textuality: Approaches to New Media, ed. Michael Hanrahan and Deborah Madsen (Basingstoke [England]: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005): 11-26.]
(For an excerpt, see the entry for the above mentioned, closely similar, 2005 article.)
| 2006 |
“Understanding Knowledge Work”Categories Essays , Publications
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Citation: “Understanding Knowledge Work.” Criticism 47 (2005): 249-60. Essay written as invited response to Johanna Drucker’s and N. Katherine Hayles’s reviews in the same issue of Criticism of The Laws of Cool: Knowledge Work and the Culture of Information
- Full text — HTML | .pdf (Project Muse)
- Full text of the reviews of The Laws of Cool to which this essay responds (Project Muse):
| 2006 |
“A Transformed Revolution: The Prelude, Books 9-13″Categories Essays , Publications
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Citation: “A Transformed Revolution: The Prelude, Books 9-13.” William Wordsworth’s “The Prelude”: A Casebook. Ed. Stephen Gill. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006. 341-75.
[Excerpt from chapter 8 of Wordsworth: The Sense of History.]
| 2005 |
“The Humanities: A Technical Profession”Categories Essays , Publications
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| 2005 |
“The New Historicism and the Work of Mourning”Categories Essays , Publications
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Citation: “The New Historicism and the Work of Mourning.” The Wordsworthian Enlightenment: Romantic Poetry and the Ecology of Reading. Ed. Helen Regueiro Elam and Frances Ferguson. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. 149-57.
[Reprint of “The New Historicism and the Work of Mourning,” Studies in Romanticism 35 (1996): 553-62.]
| 2005 |
“Born-Again Bits: A Framework for Migrating Electronic Literature” (White Paper)Categories Other Writings , Publications
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Citation: Alan Liu, David Durand, Nick Montfort, Merrilee Proffitt, Liam R. E. Quin, Jean-Hugues Réty, and Noah Wardrip-Fruin. Version 1.1. August 5, 2005. Electronic Literature Organization. Retrieved [date of access]. <https://www.eliterature.org/pad/bab.html>.
This white paper is part of the Electronic Literature Organization’s PAD (Preservation / Archiving / Dissemination) initiative. PAD aims to create methods for preserving or migrating experimental, “born-digital” works of creative literature that are perishing with their original hardware and software environments.
- Full text
- Also available from: University of California eScholarship Repository
- Electronic Literature Organization’s PAD Initiative
| 2004 |
“Transcendental Data: Toward A Cultural History and Aesthetics of the New Encoded Discourse”Categories Essays , Publications
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Citation: “Transcendental Data: Toward A Cultural History and Aesthetics of the New Encoded Discourse.” Critical Inquiry 31 (2004): 49-84.
- DOI: 10.1086/427302
- Full text (post-embargo published version in institutional repository, PDF)
- Full text (paywalled, Jstor)
- Full text (paywalled, Univ. of Chicago Press Journals)
| 2004 |
The Laws of Cool: Knowledge Work and the Culture of InformationCategories Books , Publications
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Citation: The Laws of Cool: Knowledge Work and the Culture of Information. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004.
[552 pages, ISBN-10: 0226486990, ISBN-13: 978-0226486994] |
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| 2003 |
“Sidney’s Technology: A Critique by Technology of Literary History”Categories Essays , Publications
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| 2003 |
“Remembering the Spruce Goose: Historicism, Postmodernism, Romanticism”Categories Essays , Publications
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Citation: “Remembering the Spruce Goose: Historicism, Postmodernism, Romanticism.” South Atlantic Quarterly 102 (2003): 263-78.
- Full text (Project Muse)
| 2003 |
William Wordsworth (Poetry for Young People)Categories Editions , Publications
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| Citation: William Wordsworth. Ed. Alan Liu. Illustrator, James Muir. Poetry for Young People. New York: Sterling Publishing, 2003.
Jacket blurb: “William Wordsworth’s finest poems take you on a captivating adventure to another time and place. Fantastic color paintings portray the mountains and lakes, and the people who lived by them, that Wordsworth writes about in his lyrical verses.” [48 pp., 35 illustrations;
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| 2002 |
“The Future Literary: Literature and the Culture of Information”Categories Essays , Publications
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| 2002 |
“The Future of Technology and Learning in the University: A White Paper”Categories Other Writings , Publications
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Citation: Bruce Bimber, Kevin Almeroth, Rob Patton, Dorothy Chun, Andrew Flanagin, and Alan Liu. March 4, 2002. Center for Information Technology and Society, University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved [date of access]. <http://www.cits.ucsb.edu/site/techmemo/index.pdf>
- Also available from: University of California eScholarship Repository
| 1999 |
“Knowledge in the Age of Knowledge Work”Categories Essays , Publications
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| 1998 |
“The Downsizing of Knowledge: Knowledge Work and Literary History”Categories Essays , Publications
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Citation: “The Downsizing of Knowledge: Knowledge Work and Literary History.” Abridged and edited by Randolf Starn. In Alan Liu, Miryam Sas, Albert Ascoli, and Sharon Marcus. Knowledge Work, Literary History, and the Future of Literary Studies. Ed. Randolf Starn. Doreen B. Townsend Center Occasional Papers, No. 15. Berkeley, Calif.: Townsend Center, 1998. 1-22.
[Includes response essays by Miryam Sas, Albert Ascoli, and Sharon Marcus to the original paper delivered at the Townsend Center on March 12, 1998.]
- Full text of pamphlet (.pdf)
| 1998 |
“Globalizing the Humanities: ‘The Voice of the Shuttle: Web Page for Humanities Research'”Categories Essays , Publications
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Citation: “Globalizing the Humanities: ‘The Voice of the Shuttle: Web Page for Humanities Research.'” Humanities Collections 1.1 (1998): 41-56.
| 1996 |
“The New Historicism and the Work of Mourning”Categories Essays , Publications
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| 1995 |
“Should We Link to the Unabomber? An Essay on Practical Web Ethics”Categories Blog Essays , Oldies But Goodies (Early Digital Work)
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Citation: “Should We Link to the Unabomber? An Essay on Practical Web Ethics.” English Department, UC Santa Barbara, 9 October 1995. https://alanyliu.org/research/whyuna.htm
Date: 9 October 1995
Background: The Emergence of the Unabomber Manifesto on the Net
Shortly after the publication of the Unabomber’s “Manifesto on Industrial Society and its Future” in the New York Times and Washington Post on Sept. 19, 1995, Time-Warner mounted the Manifesto on its Web server and made it available as a subpage (titled “Unabomber: Tightening the Net”) from its Pathfinder home page. The link to the full text of the Manifesto is accompanied on the “Tightening the Net” page by links to a variety of mainstream media stories and commentary as well as by updates on the FBI’s manhunt. Copies of the Manifesto have subsequently also appeared on other servers on the net.
The Issue: To Link or Not to Link From a Scholarly Research Page
The Manifesto, its context, and its reception are events of major interest to scholars in such fields as science-technology-and-culture, sociology, journalism, etc. This is all the more so because the distinctly academic style of argumentation and language in the Manifesto (which comes complete with the bomber’s endnotes) establishes an intense feedback loop or “reverb” with the academic institutions whose faculty and staff have been among the bomber’s favorite targets–and casualties.
Given the nature of the Manifesto’s original publication history, however (i.e., violently coerced), the ethics of participating to any degree in the further dissemination of the document is problematic. This is certainly the case if one were considering mounting a duplicate of the whole document on one’s server. But it is also the case, however attenuated and primarily symbolic, if one is merely considering creating a link to the document as it exists on someone else’s server.
In the broadest perspective, the Unabomber incident is a uniquely compelling test of the ethics of pure research. . . .
| 1995 |
“The History in ‘Imagination'”Categories Essays , Publications
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Citation: “The History in ‘Imagination.” Romanticism: A Critical Reader. Ed. Duncan Wu. Oxford, UK; Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell, 1995. 84-119.
[Reprint of chapter 1 of Wordsworth: The Sense of History.]
| 1993 |
“Die interdisziplinäre Kriegsmaschine”Categories Essays , Publications
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Citation: “Die interdisziplinäre Kriegsmaschine.” Texte zur Kunste, No. 12 (Nov. 1993): 127-37.
[German abridged version of “The Interdisciplinary War Machine,” later published in English in Local Transcendence: Essays on Postmodern Historicism and the Database).]
| 1993 |
“The Economy of Lyric: The Ruined Cottage”Categories Essays , Publications
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Citation: “The Economy of Lyric: The Ruined Cottage.” Romantic Poetry: Recent Revisionary Criticism. Ed. Karl Kroeber and Gene W. Ruoff. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1993. 139-53.
[Abridged reprint of chapter 7 of Wordsworth: The Sense of History.]
| 1990 |
“Local Transcendence: Cultural Criticism, Postmodernism, and the Romanticism of Detail”Categories Essays , Publications
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Citation: “Local Transcendence: Cultural Criticism, Postmodernism, and the Romanticism of Detail.” Representations 32 (Fall 1990): 75-113.
- Open access (published version in institutional repository)
- Paywalled (published version)
| 1989 |
“Wordsworth and Subversion: Trying Cultural Criticism”Categories Essays , Publications
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Citation: “Wordsworth and Subversion: Trying Cultural Criticism.” Yale Journal of Criticism 2.2 (Spring 1989): 55-100.
- Full text (ProQuest)
| 1989 |
Wordsworth: The Sense of HistoryCategories Books , Publications
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Citation: Wordsworth: The Sense of History. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1989.
[726 pp., ISBN-10: 0804718938, ISBN-13: 978-0804718936] |
| 1989 |
“The Power of Formalism: The New Historicism”Categories Essays , Publications
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Citation: “The Power of Formalism: The New Historicism.” ELH 56 (1989): 721-71.
- DOI: 10.2307/2873158
- Open access (published version in institutional repository, viewable online and downloadable as PDF)
- Paywalled (published version, PDF)
- Translations of essay:
- “El Poder del Formalismo: El Nuevo Historicismo.” Nuevo Historicismo. Ed. Antonio Penedo y Gonzalo Pontón. Madrid: Arco/Libros, 1998. 193-261.
- “Die Macht des Formalismus: Der New Historicism.” New Historicism. Literaturgeschichte als Poetik der Kultur. Ed. Moritz Baßler. Frankfurt am M.: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, 1995. 94-163.
- “Il potere del formalismo:il nuovo storicismo.” Trans. Angela Tranfo. L’Asino d’oro 4.8 (November 1993; special issue on “Il nuovo storicismo“): 78-122.
| 1988 |
Review Article on David Simpson’s Wordsworth’s Historical ImaginationCategories Essays , Publications
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| 1986 |
“Christopher Smart’s ‘Uncommunicated Letters’: Translation and the Ethics of Literary History”Categories Essays , Publications
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Citation: “Christopher Smart’s ‘Uncommunicated Letters’: Translation and the Ethics of Literary History.” Boundary 2, 14.1-2 (1985-86): 115-46.
- Full text (JSTOR)
| 1984 |
“Wordsworth: The History in ‘Imagination'”Categories Essays , Publications
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Citation: “Wordsworth: The History in ‘Imagination.'” ELH 51 (1984): 505-48.
- Full text (JSTOR)


