Alan Liu

“On Humanities Communication,” presentation for advisory board of the Spence Wilson Center for Interdiscplinary Humanities, Rhodes College, 11 December 2025.

“AI Virtue: Generativity and Epistemic Value,” Santa Fe Institute workshop on “The New New Science,” Santa Fe, NM, 16 September 2025.

• Abstract: In the age of AI, what will be “good” knowledge? This talk maps epistemic virtues (like “true,” “accurate,” “creative”) used to discuss AI in a corpus of 553 journal articles on AI published in 2024. “Creativity” comes in for special attention as an example. The goal is to theorize how a more integrated framework might be developed for evaluating the worth of AI—one less locked into understandings of value adapted to pre-AI agents and structures of knowledge work. The talk is accompanied by a digital kit for exploring data models of discourse on AI.

“Teaching Digital Humanities for the Post Liberal Arts University,” session 743 on “The (Im)Possibility of a DH Textbook.” MLA 2025, New Orelans, 12 January 2025.

• Session information
• Abstract: Liu suggests that a hypothetical DH textbook would need to be positioned in a larger ecosystem of readers, anthologies, and casebooks designed for today’s functionally post liberal art students hungry for applied modes of knowledge but also, in the spirit of the older liberal arts, yearning to know more expansively what “application” is actually for.

“For Margie – Seeker, Keeper,” ELO2024 conference, plenary panel on “Celebrating Marjorie C. Luesebrink” (Part 1), 19 July 2024.

• Abstract: Liu narrates how Marjorie Luesebrink’s themes and interests are braided together with his own research and teaching–specifically in his signature lecture course (English 25 at UC Santa Barbara) on the history of media and information. A later version of Liu’s course included the spreadsheet fiction that Margie was working on (Tin Towns and other Excel Fictions). The earlier version of the course from 2000-2007 concluded with lectures on Luesebrink’s major hypertext novel Califia, which captured so much of the history and themes of media and information (in their social and personal impact) that it was the perfect capstone for a course titled “The Culture of Information” ( and in later years “Literature and the Information, Media, & Communication Revolutions”).
• Video recording of panel (view online or download .mp4 video):
  • Lai-Tze Fan — Introduction to Panel (0:00 – 6:14)
  • Stephanie Strickland (6:14 – 14:03)
  • Alan Liu (14:15 – 30:42)
  • Stuart Moulthrop (30:42 – 44:17)
  • Discussion (44:17 – 1:02:27)
• Slides for my talk available at:
  • https://bit.ly/ForMargie_ELO2024
  • and https://zenodo.org/uploads/12785924 (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12785924)

“Reframing the Humanities as Useful,” Humanities for the Public Good Closing Symposium: A Celebration, Obermann Center, University of Iowa, 1 March 2024.

• Symposium Program

“Toward New MLA Guidelines on Evalutating Digital Scholarship,” session 404 on “Evaluating Digital Scholarship Today: Problems and Solutions” organized by the MLA Committee on Information Technology, MLA 2024, Philadelphia, 6 January 2024.

• Session information
• Abstract: As a respondent to talks at this panel, Alan Liu will share a preview of the MLA Committee on Information Technology’s work in drafting revised MLA guidelines for evaluating digital scholarlship. (The previous revision of the guidelines was issued in 2012.)

“Where Does Data Science Fit in a Liberal Arts Academy?”, seminar on “The Place of Data” (part of the Stanford CESTA/Mellon Sawyer Seminar series on “The Data that Divides Us: Recalibrating Data Methods for New Knowledge Frameworks Across the Humanities”), Stanford University, 2 November 2023.

• Seminar information
• Notes and Links for Stanford Literary Lab Visit

“Toward a Center for Humanities Communication,” session on “How to Communicate Your Humanities Scholarship to the Public,” National Humanities Conference, Indianapolis, 26 October 2023.

• Session information
• Abstract: Alan Liu initiates this panel created by organizers of the Center for Digital Humanities (CHC) initiative by introducing the concept and plan of the new initiative.

“Reframing the Humanities as Useful,” session on “From Thinking to Doing: Making the Humanities Public,” National Humanities Conference, Indianapolis, 26 October 2023.

• Session information
• Abstract: Alan Liu will draw on the findings of the Mellon Foundation funded “WhatEvery1Says” (WE1S) project he directed to suggest specific areas where innovative organizations, programs, structures, practices, and media are needed to design fresh ways of engaging the public with the humanities. These include ways to activate the material culture of the humanities (not just curated objects but the artifacts of citizens and local communities); create resources and practices for bridging between the “personal” humanities (e.g., a poem one loves) and community, state, national, and global humanities issues; experiment with new media forms to communicate the humanities; and draw on the experiences and heritage of underrepresented social groups.

“What is Good Writing in the Age of ChatGPT?”, speech for English Department commencement ceremony, 18 June 2023.

• Full Text of Speech
   
  What is good writing in the age of ChatGPT (which, as you know, is the most celebrated of the new generative artificial-intelligence tools based on large language models that can write prose, verse, and lies just like a human being)?

  That’s the question I call on you as graduating English majors to help society answer as you bring your skills in writing and speaking well — and in knowing well through language and its literatures — into the world….

  [go to full speech published as blog post]

“Agrippa (A Book of the Dead) and the Sociology of New Media,” virtual presentation at the Agrippa (A Book of the Dead), Oxford U., 18 May 2023.

“Reframing the Use of the Humanities,” Panel on “Can the Humanities Be ‘Useful’” at the Symposium on 10th-Year Annersary of The Heart of the Matter Report, American Academy of Arts & Sciences, Cambridge, MA, 2 April 2023.

“Infrastructure as Epistemic Value in the Digital Humanities,” Symposium on “The Integrative Potential of Epistemic Virtues for the Digital Humanities,” German Institute for Japanese Studies, Tokyo, 27 January 2023.

• Abstract: In seeking legitimacy as a field of study, the digital humanities have cultivated epistemic values that combine some from the sciences (such as evidence, precision, and reproducibility) and some from the contemporary humanities (such as being “interpretative” and “critical”). These values sum up at a higher level in the more general epistemic values that the digital humanities have made it a priority to attain: being “meaningful” and “cultural critical.” (Some in the humanities have been skeptical that quantitative and other DH methods can be interpretatively meaningful or engage in sociopolitical and cultural critique.)
  But there is one other general epistemic value in the digital humanities that makes the field distinctive among the humanities: valuing the “infrastructural” (i.e., thinking about and developing infrastructure as an interpretative and critical object). This talk surveys some of the intellectual approaches that converge in current “critical infrastructure studies,” inquires into the constitutive epistemic values underlying such studies, and concludes with a suggestion about how textual analysis of the “verbs” as opposed to “nouns” of infrastructure can unlock the “black box” of these values.

“Thinking at the ‘Enterprise Technology Systems’ Level.” Panel on What Do We Want In A Research Platform Of The Future? (session 620), Modern Language Association convention, San Francisco, 7 January 2023.

“Research Learning: Digital Project Courses & Teaching Research Practices.” Panel on From Pedagogy to Research and Back Again (session 432), Modern Language Association convention, San Francisco, 7 January 2023.

“WhatEvery1Says: The Humanities in Public Discourse.” Humanities & Fine Arts Digital Humanities Showcase, UC Santa Barbara, 18 November 2022.

• Slides for lecture: bit.ly/Liu_11_18_2022

“WhatEvery1Says: The Humanities in Public Discourse.” Panel on “The Public, the Humanities, and the Public Humanities” at the National Humanities Conference 2022, Los Angeles, 12 November 2022.

• Slides for lecture: bit.ly/Liu_NHC2022

“Research-based Humanities Advocacy: 4Humanities.org and the WhatEvery1Says Project” Talk for 25Humans For the Humanities, hosted virtually by Goethe University, Frankfurt, 14 December 2021.

“Where Does Data Science Fit in a Liberal Arts University?” Data Science Summit, UCSB, 3 December 2021.

• Video recording of this talk (15.39 min.)

“What Everyone Says About the Humanities: The Challenge Posed by the Public Perception of the Humanities in the Media.” Daedalus authors’ meeting for contributors to special issue on “The Humanities in American Life,” 10 Sept. 2021 (conducted over Zoom).

• Slides for talk.

“Digital Humanities and Critical Infrastructure Studies — An Overview.” King’s College, London, 21 June 2021, 5:10-5:50 pm London time. Keynote lecture for the “Infrastructural Interventions” workshop in the Digital Humanities & Critical Infrastructure Studies series organized by Urszula Pawlicka-Deger. (Delivered by Microsoft Teams meeting.)

• Abstract: In this talk, Alan Liu provides an introduction to “critical infrastructure studies” and the place of the digital humanities in it. What have been the main approaches to infrastructure that today make the topic of such compelling socio-political, technological, media-informatic, cultural, historical, and artistic interest across the disciplines? How are the digital humanities positioned in relation to those approaches; and what is “critical” about that relation?
• Useful links for citations and other material mentioned in the talk:
  • CIstudies.org Bibliography: bit.ly/cistudies_biblio
  • “CI Studies Primer”: bit.ly/cistudies_primer
  • Syllabus for Alan Liu’s 2020 graduate seminar on “Critical Infrastructure Studies”: bit.ly/cistudies_course2020

“WhatEvery1Says: Data Mining Media Coverage of the Humanities.” The Education University of Hong Kong, 8 April 2021.

• Abstract: Backed by a three-year, $1.1 million grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the WhatEvery1Says (WE1S) project uses digital humanities methods—primarily topic modeling, complemented by such other methods as text classification—to study media discourse about the humanities at big data scales. Alan Liu, director of WE1S, will give an overview of the project and its open-source datasets and topic-model analysis, visualization, and interpretation tools (as well as its surveys of students and others providing a ground-truth perspective on views on the humanities). He will also highlight selected project outputs, including explanations of findings, methods, data, and tools in a “card” format inspired by new practices in data-model reporting.
  The goal of the WE1S project is to provide advocates for the humanities with research-based materials and strategies for effective communication about the value of humanistic study and knowledge in today’s world.

“WhatEvery1Says: Data Mining Media Coverage of the Humanities.” Digital Tools for Interdisciplinary Humanities Research Workshop Series, Public Humanities Design Studio, University of California, Merced, 15 March 2021.

• Abstract: Backed by a three-year, $1.1 million grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the WhatEvery1Says (WE1S) project uses digital humanities methods—primarily topic modeling, complemented by such other methods as text classification—to study media discourse about the humanities at big data scales. Alan Liu, director of WE1S, will give an overview of the project and its open-source datasets and topic-model analysis, visualization, and interpretation tools (as well as its surveys of students and others providing a ground-truth perspective on views on the humanities). He will also highlight selected project outputs, including explanations of findings, methods, data, and tools in a “card” format inspired by new practices in data-model reporting.
  The goal of the WE1S project is to provide advocates for the humanities with research-based materials and strategies for effective communication about the value of humanistic study and knowledge in today’s world.

“Writing Data: Literary Scholars and New Forms of Public Writing.” Panel on “Public Humanities in the Age of Precarity, Modern Language Association convention (virtually presented panel), 7 January 2021.

“Critical Infrastructure Studies — A Primer.” Furman University, 12 November 2020, 1:30-2:30 pm Pacific time (4:30-5:30 Eastern time). (Lecture delivered by Zoom webinar: registration.)

• Abstract: What have been the main approaches to the study of infrastructure that now combine to make the topic of such compelling socio-political, technological, media-informatic, cultural, historical, and artistic interest across the disciplines? In this talk, Alan Liu provides an introduction to “critical infrastructure studies,” focusing on why multidisciplinary perspectives–sometimes tensely divergent in their premises even when converging to make, for example, a “bridge” or a “barrier”–are needed to imagine good infrastructure.
• Useful links for citations and other material mentioned in the talk:
  • CIstudies.org Bibliography: bit.ly/cistudies_biblio
  • “CI Studies Primer”: bit.ly/cistudies_primer
  • Syllabus for Alan Liu’s 2020 graduate seminar on “Critical Infrastructure Studies”: bit.ly/cistudies_course2020

“Friending the Past: The Sense of History in the Digital Age — A Virtual Talk.” History Department, U. California, Santa Barbara (4 May 2020, 11:00 AM-12:00 PM, Pacific Daylight Time) (Zoom meeting information sent after request through this form.)

• Abstract: Can today’s society, increasingly captivated by a constant flow of information, share a sense of history? How did our media-making forebears balance the tension between the present and the absent, the individual and the collective, the static and the dynamic—and how do our current digital networks disrupt these same balances? Can our social media, with its fleeting nature, even be considered social at all? In Friending the Past, Alan Liu proposes fresh answers to these innovative questions of connection. He explores how we can learn from the relationship between past societies whose media forms fostered a communal and self-aware sense of history. Interlaced among these inquiries, Liu shows how extensive ‘network archaeologies’ can be constructed as novel ways of thinking about our affiliations with time and with each other.
• Video recording of this talk (47 min.)

“Humans in the Loop: Humanities Hermeneutics and Machine Learning.” Keynote for DHd2020 (7th Annual Conference of the German Society for Digital Humanities), University of Paderborn, 6 March 2020.

• Abstract: As indicated by the emergent research fields of computational “interpretability” and “explainability,” machine learning creates fundamental hermeneutical problems. One of the least understood aspects of machine learning is how humans learn from machine learning. How does an individual, team, organization, or society “read” computational “distant reading” when it is performed by complex algorithms on immense datasets? Can methods of interpretation familiar to the humanities (e.g., traditional or poststructuralist ways of relating the general and the specific, the abstract and the concrete, the structure and the event, or the same and the different) be applied to machine learning? Further, can such traditions be applied with the explicitness, standardization, and reproducibility needed to engage meaningfully with the different Spielräum – scope for “play” (as in the “play of a rope,” “wiggle room,” or machine-part “tolerance”) – of computation? If so, how might that change the hermeneutics of the humanities themselves?
  In his keynote lecture, Alan Liu uses the example of the formalized “interpretation protocol” for topic models he is developing for the Mellon Foundation funded WhatEvery1Says project (which is text-analyzing millions of newspaper articles mentioning the humanities) to reflect on how humanistic traditions of interpretation can contribute to machine learning. But he also suggests how machine learning changes humanistic interpretation through fresh ideas about wholes and parts, mimetic representation and probabilistic modeling, and similarity and difference (or identity and culture).
• Video of lecture

“The WhatEvery1Says (WE1S) Project.” Mellon Research Forum Convening, University of California, Irvine, January 31, 2020.

“Dialogue between Alan Liu (UC Santa Barbara), Tim Hitchcock (U. Sussex), and Jessica Otis (George Mason U.).” Fourth Annual Conference on Digital Humanities and Digital History at the German Historical Institute. Washington, D.C., 12 October 2019.

“Critical Infrastructure Studies — A Primer.” University of Texas at Austin, 4 September 2019.

• Abstract: What have been the main approaches to the study of infrastructure that now combine to make the topic of such compelling socio-political, technological, media-informatic, cultural, historical, and artistic interest across the disciplines? In this talk, Alan Liu provides an introduction to “critical infrastructure studies,” focusing on why multi-disciplinary perspectives–sometimes tensely divergent in their premises even when converging to make, for example, a “bridge” or a “barrier”–are needed to imagine good infrastructure as the foundation for “good systems.” In the case of the University of Texas “Bridging Barriers” Grand Challenges initiative, for example, how many different ways are there to understand what a bridge or a barrier is good for (and for whom)?
• Citations for the works in the “primer” included in the talk: bit.ly/cistudies-primer

“What Infrastructure Assumes: Digital Humanities and Critical Infrastructure Studies.” U. Guelph, 7 March 2019.

“Digital Humanities Learning Goals for Undergraduates.” U. Colorado, Boulder, 22 February 2019.

• Event announcement

“What Infrastructure Assumes: Digital Humanities and Critical Infrastructure Studies.” The Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), 15 February 2019.

• Event flyer with talk description

“Critical Infrastructure Studies — A Primer.” Initial talk of a pair of presentations by Alan Liu and James Smithies. Humanities Research Center, Rice University, 24 January 2019.

“The WhatEvery1Says Project — An Overview.” Panel on the WhatEvery1Says Project, U. Miami, 17 January, 2019.

“Open and Reproducible Workflows for the Digital Humanities–A 35,000-foot Elevation View.” Keynote at the Digital Bridges Symposium (Digital Bridges for Humanistic Inquiry project), University of Iowa and Grinnell College, 10 August 2018.

“Romanticism and Critical Infrastructure Studies.” Introduction to seminar co-led with Jacques Khalip on “Romanticism and Critical Infrastructural Studies.” NASSR 2018, Brown University, 22 June 2018.

• Event page and resources

“‘Humanities digital cultural tools . . . technology computing culture society’ — James Smithies’s The Digital Humanities and the Digital Modern.” Book Launch for James Smithies’s The Digital Humanities and the Digital Modern, King’s College, London, 29 March 2018.

“Scoping Critical Infrastructure Studies.” Critical Infrastructures Studies Seminar, King’s College, London, 29 March 2018.

“Open and Reproducible Workflows for the Digital Humanities–A 10,000 Meter Elevation View.” Digital Humanities in the Nordic Countries Convention 2018. University of Helsinki, 7 March 2018.

• Abstract: Can digital humanities projects that collect, analyze, and interpret texts and other materials make their provenance and data workflows transparent to others for reproduction or adaptation? How can the digital humanities learn from the workflow management systems of the “in silico” sciences? And how should they be different from the sciences? Ultimately, what is the combined humanistic and scientific meaning of open research–epistemological, infrastructural, institutional, and sociocultural–to which DH contributes? Extrapolating from the example of the “WhatEvery1Says” (WE1S) project, which he directs, Alan Liu offers a general humanistic vision of open, reproducible workflows for the digital humanities.
• Video of this keynote talk (35 min.) taken from the audience by Timo Honkela (@THonkela).